Most people instantly connect vertigo with dizziness when they think of it. Vertigo, on the other hand, is a distinct form of dizziness marked by the impression that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving even while you are motionless. It goes beyond simply feeling lightheaded. In certain situations, this dizzying sensation could even induce nausea and vomiting. It can be extremely overwhelming.
So, what causes this spinning sensation?
The vestibular system, a portion of the inner ear and brain that regulates balance and eye movements, is typically the source of vertigo. Peripheral vertigo, which comes from the inner ear, and central vertigo, which comes from the brain, are the two main types of these problems.
Peripheral Vertigo: The most common culprit
Peripheral vertigo accounts for about 80% of instances; this indicates that the inner ear is the source of the problem. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo constitutes the most prevalent type of peripheral vertigo (BPPV). Otoconia, or microscopic calcium particles, can cause BPPV when they move into one of the inner ear’s semicircular canals after becoming loose from their normal location. Turning over in bed or leaning your head back are two examples of how this causes brief bursts of strong spinning feelings.
Non-Positional Vertigo:
Ménière’s Disease: Ménière’s disease is another peripheral cause of vertigo, although it is less prevalent than BPPV. It is characterized by an irregular accumulation of fluid in the inner ear, which causes tinnitus, fluctuating hearing loss, and vertigo episodes. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) can help control symptoms even though treating Ménière’s illness can be more difficult.
Central Vertigo: About 20% of instances, however less frequent, are of central vertigo, which typically denotes a more serious underlying disease. In contrast to peripheral vertigo, which usually has no serious consequences, central vertigo may result from conditions such vestibular migraines, brain tumours, or strokes. A more complicated and chronic form of vertigo is caused by these diseases, which impact the brain regions in charge of processing balance and spatial orientation.
Does physiotherapy help with vertigo?
Yes, vestibular rehabilitation treatment (VRT), a type of physical therapy, can help with vertigo. It incorporates exercises that retrain the brain to process inner ear signals more efficiently, which enhances balance, coordination, and lessens vertigo. However, the source of the vertigo will determine how successful it is, therefore a correct diagnosis is crucial.
Are you trying to figure out how to get your equilibrium back?
Look at these beneficial activities for managing vertigo. Make sure these strategies are safe and appropriate for you by speaking with your healthcare professional before beginning.
1. Brandt–Daroff exercises
(Retrieved from Sullivan 6th Edition, 2014)
Beginning Position: Take a seat erect on a level surface or the edge of your bed.
Move to Side: Quickly lie down on one side with your head turned to face the ceiling at a 45-degree angle.
Hold This Position: Hold this posture for thirty seconds or until the lightheadedness goes away.
Return to Upright: Quickly sit back down and give it a half-minute.
Repeat on Opposite Side: Carry out the identical actions on the opposing side.
Reps: Perform this three times a day for five to ten repetitions until you are vertigo-free for two days in a row.
If Nauseous: Cut back on the repetitions to three times a day if you experience excessive vertigo or nausea.
Important Advice: Move swiftly through the movements. It’s common to have some nausea and dizziness throughout the workout, but these side effects are typically transient. Even if your symptoms are minor, keep up the workout routine.
2. Canalith repositioning procedure (CRP)
The purpose of the Canalith Repositioning Maneuver is to treat a particular kind of vertigo brought on by microscopic debris in the inner ear. Here’s a quick guide to help you comprehend and carry out the process at home:
(Retrieved from Cleveland Clinic, 2022)
Start Position: Take a seat on a cozy surface, such as the edge of your bed.
Head Turn: Rotate your head 45 degrees toward the direction of your dizziness.
Lie Down: Quickly recline with your head turned back. Hold this posture for approximately 30 seconds, or until the sensation of spinning ceases.
Head Roll: Rotate your head slowly in the other direction by ninety degrees. For a further thirty seconds, maintain this posture.
Roll Over: Rotate your head so that your torso and head are facing the floor. For 30 seconds, hold this.
Sit Up: Take a few minutes to slowly sit up and try to hold this posture.
Additional Tips
- To prevent discomfort, move your head slowly and carefully.
- Having a friend or relative walk you through the procedure is a fantastic idea.
- See your doctor if the vertigo doesn’t go away or if you’re in a lot of discomfort.
- This technique lessens the sensation of vertigo by moving the particles within your inner ear.
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References
O’Sullivan, S. B., Fulk, G. D., & Schmitz, T. J. (2014). Physical Rehabilitation.
Professional, C. C. M. (2024, July 17). Canalith repositioning procedure. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17930-canalith-repositioning-procedure-crp
Baumgartner, B., & Taylor, R. S. (2023, June 26). Peripheral vertigo. StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430797/
